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Biofuels made from compressed organic matter or biomass are known as pellet fuels (or pellets). Any one of the five main types of biomass—industrial waste and co-products, food waste, agricultural leftovers, energy crops, and untreated lumber—can be converted into pellets. The most popular kind of pellet fuel is wood, which is typically produced from compacted sawdust and other industrial wastes left over from building, furniture manufacturing, and timber milling. Empty fruit bunches, palm kernel shells, coconut shells, and tree tops and branches thrown during logging operations are some additional types of industrial trash. In order to be used in currently operating coal-fired power plants, so-called "black pellets" were manufactured from biomass and polished to resemble hard coal.   The heating value, moisture and ash content, and size of pellets are used to classify them. They can be used as fuels for producing electricity, cooking, and heating in homes or businesses. ...

Natural gas (also called fossil gas or simply gas) is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons consisting primarily of methane in addition to various smaller amounts of other higher alkanes. Usually low levels of trace gases like carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and helium are also present. Natural gas is colorless and odorless, so odorizers such as mercaptan, which smells like sulfur or rotten eggs, are commonly added to natural gas supplies for safety so that leaks can be readily detected. Not to be confused with gasoline, biogas, or liquefied petroleum gas. Natural gas is a fossil fuel and non-renewable resource that is formed when layers of organic matter (primarily marine microorganisms) decompose under anaerobic conditions and are subjected to intense heat and pressure underground over millions of years.The energy that the decayed organisms originally obtained from the sun via photosynthesis is stored as chemical energy within the molecules of methane a...

Heating oil is any petroleum product or other oil used for heating; a fuel oil. Most commonly, it refers to low viscosity grades of fuel oil used for furnaces or boilers use for home heating and in other buildings. Home heating oil is often abbreviated as HHO. Most heating oil products are chemically very similar to diesel fuel used as motor fuel; motor fuel is typically subject to higher fuel taxes. Many countries add fuel dyes to heating oil, allowing law enforcement to check if a driver is evading fuel taxes. Since 2002, Solvent Yellow 124 has been added as a "Euromarker" in the European Union; untaxed diesel is known as "red diesel" in the United Kingdom. Heating oil is commonly delivered by tank truck to residential, commercial and municipal buildings and stored in above-ground storage tanks ("ASTs") located in the basements, garages,...

Wood is considered humankind’s very first source of energy. Today it is still the most important single source of renewable energy providing about 6 percent of the global total primary energy supply. More than two billion people depend on wood energy for cooking and/or heating, particularly in households in developing countries. It represents the only domestically available and affordable source of energy. Private households’ cooking and heating with woodfuels represents one third of the global renewable energy consumption, making wood the most decentralized energy in the world. Woodfuels arise from multiple sources including forests, other wooded land and trees outside forests, co-products from wood processing, post-consumer recovered wood and processed wood-based fuels. Wood energy is also an important emergency backup fuel. Societies at any socio-economic level will switch easily back to wood energy when encountering economic difficulties, natura...

Energy supply is the delivery of fuels or transformed fuels to point of consumption. It potentially encompasses the extraction, transmission, generation, distribution and storage of fuels. It is also sometimes called energy flow.  This supply of energy can be disrupted by several factors, including imposition of higher energy prices due to action by OPEC or other cartel, war, political disputes, economic disputes, or physical damage to the energy infrastructure due to terrorism. The security of the energy supply is a major concern of national security and energy law. Where does our energy come from? The energy available in the #European Union comes from energy produced in the EU and from energy imported from third countries. Therefore, in order to get a good overview of the total energy available in the EU, energy production should always be put in context with imports. In 2020, the EU produce...

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