In order to produce electricity, wind turbines are mostly used in wind power or wind energy. In comparison to burning fossil fuels, wind energy is a well-liked, environmentally friendly, renewable energy source. Wind energy has historically been used to power sails, windmills, and windpumps, but today it is primarily employed to produce electricity. Numerous separate wind turbines connected to the electrical power transmission network make up wind farms.
New onshore (on-land) wind farms are less expensive to build than new coal or gas facilities, but fossil fuel subsidies are impeding the growth of wind power. Compared to certain other power plants, onshore wind farms have a more noticeable visual influence on the terrain. Little onshore wind farms can add a small amount of power to the grid or supply remote off-grid areas with electricity. Offshore wind farms have less of an aesthetic impact and produce more energy per installed capacity with less variability. Offshore wind generation is growing, despite the fact that it is currently less prevalent and has greater construction and maintenance costs. Currently, around 10% of new installations are for offshore wind power.
Due to the variable nature of wind energy, power-management strategies are used to balance supply and demand. These strategies include the use of wind hybrid power systems, hydroelectric power, other dispatchable power sources, excess capacity, geographically dispersed turbines, power exporting and importation to nearby regions, and grid storage. A region may need to improve its system as the amount of wind energy grows. The electric-power network can be prepared for the predictable variations in production that take place thanks to weather forecasts.
Over 1800 TWh, or over 6% of global electricity and about 2% of global energy, came from wind energy in 2021. The capacity of installed wind power worldwide surpassed 800 GW after an addition of about 100 GW in 2021, primarily in China and the US. Analysts believe it needs to grow more quickly, by more than 1% of annual electricity generation, to help achieve the Paris Agreement's aims to reduce climate change.
The areas with the greatest potential for wind power are those in the upper northern and southern latitudes. In most areas, wind energy production is stronger at night and during the winter months when PV output is lower. Because of this, many nations can benefit from combining wind and solar electricity.
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