Electric heating

Electric heating uses relatively inexpensive tools to directly convert electrical energy into heat energy with a conversion efficiency of roughly 100%. Applications that are frequently used include industrial processes, cooking, water heating, and space heating. An electrical appliance that transforms an electric current into heat is called an electric heater. Every electric heater contains a heating element that is an electrical resistor and operates on the principle of Joule heating. When an electric current flows through a resistor, the electrical energy is transformed into heat energy. The active element in most contemporary electric heaters is nichrome wire; the heating element shown on the right is nichrome wire supported by ceramic insulators.

As an alternative, a heat pump, which uses electricity exclusively to transfer the thermal energy from the environment, primarily air, can achieve a heating efficiency of about 300%, or 3.0 Coefficient of Performance. The refrigeration cycle of the heat pump is powered by an electric motor, which pulls heat energy from the earth, outside air, or even the inside of a refrigerator, and transfers it to the area that needs to be warmed (in case of a fridge, the kitchen). This uses electricity considerably more efficiently than direct electric heating, but it also necessitates pipes and much more expensive equipment. For air conditioning, certain heating systems can be turned backwards, cooling the interior while venting much hotter air or water outside or into the earth.

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Heating oil

Heating oil is any petroleum product or other oil used for heating; a fuel oil. Most commonly, it refers to low viscosity grades of fuel oil used for furnaces or boilers use for home heating and in other buildings. Home heating oil is often abbreviated as HHO. Most heating oil products are chemically very similar to diesel fuel used as motor fuel; motor fuel is typically subject to higher fuel taxes. Many countries add fuel dyes to heating oil, allowing law enforcement to check if a driver is evading fuel taxes. Since 2002, Solvent Yellow 124 has been added as a "Euromarker" in the European Union; untaxed diesel is known as "red diesel" in the United Kingdom. Heating oil is commonly delivered by tank truck to residential, commercial and municipal buildings and stored in above-ground storage tanks ("ASTs") located in the basements, garages,...

Artificial intelligence: Google's new model 'will outperform humans in solving intelligence tests'

Google has launched a new artificial intelligence (AI) model that it claims will "answer questions more carefully" because its "functionalities are more advanced". AI content generators sometimes invent things that developers call hallucinations. The new Gemini model has been tested to solve problems in 57 areas, including mathematics and the humanities. "This is the new era of artificial intelligence," said Sundar Pichai, head of Google. Earlier this year, Google launched its own version of the chatbot – Bard – calling it an "experiment". During the presentation, the program made an error when answering the space question. Google claims that the new model is "the most capable" and will outperform humans in solving intelligence tests. Gemini can recognize image, text and sound, but it is not a product in itself. It is a program that will be integrated into existing Google tools, including search, but also into the Bard...

Advantages and disadvantages of solar power energy

The technology that is utilized to collect and convert solar energy is known as solar energy. In 2011, less than 0.1 percent of the world's energy consumption was met by the technology. Many people are familiar with 'photovoltaic cells,' often known as solar panels, which are used in items like spacecraft, roofs, and handheld calculators. Semiconductor materials, similar to those used in computer chips, are used to make the cells. Electrons are dislodged from their atoms when sunlight strikes the cells. The cell produces electricity when the electrons move through it. Solar-thermal power plants use a variety of methods to concentrate the sun's energy as a heat source on a much bigger scale. The heat is then utilized to boil water, which powers a steam turbine to produce electricity in a manner similar to that of coal and nuclear power plants and serve thousands of people with electricity. In one method, sunlight is focused on an oil pipe that passes through the center o...

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